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Titrimetry

What is Titrimetry?

 

Titrimetry (titration analysis) is a quantitative analytical method used to determine the concentration or amount of a target component in a sample by reacting it with a standard solution (titrant) of known concentration. By tracking the reaction endpoint (e.g., pH change, color indicator, or electrochemical signal), titrimetry provides accurate, repeatable results for routine QC and formulation control.

Titrimetry is widely used for acids/bases, salts, oxidants/reductants, halides, water content (Karl Fischer), and many functional groups across chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and manufacturing applications.

What Titrimetry Can Help You Solve

  • Concentration determination for acids, bases, and reactive components

  • Purity and assay testing for raw materials and intermediates

  • Process control (neutralization endpoints, bath chemistry, additive consumption)

  • QC release testing with defined specifications and pass/fail criteria

  • Troubleshooting formulation shifts (wrong mixing ratio, degradation, contamination)

  • Batch-to-batch consistency and supplier comparison

Typical Applications

  • Chemical manufacturing: acid/base number, alkalinity/acidity, chloride content, oxidant strength

  • Pharmaceuticals: assay of APIs/excipients (method-dependent), buffer strength verification

  • Electronics & surface finishing: etchants, plating baths, cleaning solutions, process chemistries

  • Oils & lubricants: acid number/base number (project-dependent)

  • Water and environmental samples: alkalinity, hardness, chloride (method-dependent)

  • Food & beverage: acidity determination and formulation control (project-dependent)

Test Methods & What You Receive

Common Titration Types (project-dependent)

  • Acid–base titration (neutralization; pH endpoint)

  • Redox titration (oxidation–reduction; potentiometric endpoint)

  • Complexometric titration (e.g., EDTA for metal ions such as Ca/Mg; hardness)

  • Precipitation titration (e.g., halides like chloride via AgNO₃; method-dependent)

  • Karl Fischer titration (KF) for water content (volumetric or coulometric, as applicable)

Deliverables

  • Final quantitative result (e.g., %, ppm, mol/L, mg KOH/g, meq/L, etc.)

  • Test conditions and method reference (endpoint type, standardization info as applicable)

  • Replicate statistics (optional) and QC checks (blank/standard recovery, when applicable)

  • Pass/fail vs your specification (if provided)

Sample Requirements

  • Sample types: liquids, solutions, some solids (if soluble or can be prepared appropriately)

  • Typical amount: commonly 5–50 mL (liquids) or 0.1–5 g (solids), depending on method

  • Condition: homogeneous; protect from evaporation or CO₂ uptake if relevant (e.g., alkaline samples)

  • Packaging: clean, tightly sealed container; label clearly

  • Information to provide: target analyte, expected concentration range, solvent/matrix, and any method/spec requirements (ASTM/ISO/internal)

For Karl Fischer: seal samples well and minimize moisture exposure; provide handling notes for hygroscopic materials.

Workflow

  • Requirement review (target analyte, matrix, expected range, spec/standard)

  • Method selection & preparation (reagents, titrant standardization, blanks)

  • Sample preparation (dissolution/dilution, conditioning, moisture control if needed)

  • Titration measurement (endpoint detection and data capture)

  • Calculation & verification (QC checks, replicate confirmation)

  • Reporting (results + method conditions + conclusions)

FAQs

When the method is well-matched to the sample matrix and properly standardized, titrimetry can deliver high accuracy and excellent repeatability. Accuracy depends on endpoint selection, sample handling, and interferences.

Yes—if the analyte can be extracted or the solid can be dissolved in a suitable medium. We can recommend sample preparation based on your material.

Please share the target analyte, expected concentration range, sample matrix/solvent, and any required standard/spec. This helps ensure the right titration chemistry and endpoint detection.

Titrimetry is primarily quantitative for known targets. For unknown identification, we may recommend GC/MS, LC-MS, FTIR, or ICP depending on sample type.

Karl Fischer titration is a specialized titration method to measure water content—particularly important for hygroscopic materials, solvents, and quality control of moisture-sensitive products.

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