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RGA

What is RGA (Residual Gas Analysis)?

RGA (Residual Gas Analysis) is a vacuum-compatible mass spectrometry technique—most commonly using a quadrupole mass analyzer—to measure the composition of gases in a vacuum system or gas stream. It is widely used to detect and monitor outgassing, leaks, contamination, and process-related gas species by measuring mass-to-charge (m/z) signals across a defined range.

RGA is especially valuable for semiconductor, vacuum processing, materials, and reliability applications where trace gases (e.g., H₂, H₂O, N₂, O₂, CO/CO₂, hydrocarbons, fluorinated species) can affect yield and performance.

What RGA Can Help You Solve

  • Leak detection support and vacuum integrity troubleshooting (e.g., air leaks, virtual leaks)

  • Outgassing evaluation of materials and components under vacuum or controlled conditions

  • Contamination screening (hydrocarbons, pump oil backstreaming indicators, solvent residues)

  • Process monitoring for vacuum tools (baseline gas composition, abnormal spikes, drift)

  • Moisture and oxygen control verification (H₂O, O₂ signals)

  • Comparative analysis (before/after cleaning, bake-out, conditioning, or component replacement)

Typical Applications

  • Semiconductor & electronics vacuum tools: chamber qualification, troubleshooting, baseline monitoring

  • Thin film deposition & etch processes: residual gases, byproduct tracking, contamination assessment

  • Vacuum packaging & reliability: package atmosphere evaluation (project-dependent), moisture/outgassing checks

  • Materials & components: O-rings, adhesives, coatings, plastics, lubricants, and assembled parts outgassing

  • R&D vacuum systems: diagnosing background gases during experiments or instrument commissioning

Measurement Capabilities & Outputs

Measurement Options

  • Mass scan (m/z spectrum): identifies dominant gas species and background profile

  • Trend monitoring over time: tracks gas evolution during pump-down, bake, or process steps

  • Targeted monitoring (selected m/z): focuses on critical species (e.g., 18 for H₂O, 28 for N₂/CO, 32 for O₂, 44 for CO₂, hydrocarbon fragments)

What You Receive

  • RGA spectra (mass scan plots) and/or time-trend plots

  • Key species interpretation (likely contributors and diagnostic guidance)

  • Comparisons across conditions or samples (optional)

  • Notes on common interferences (e.g., overlapping fragments at the same m/z)

Sample / System Requirements

Depending on your project, we can support:

  • In-situ chamber/system measurement: your vacuum system connected to an RGA port (project-dependent)

  • Material outgassing tests: samples placed in a controlled vacuum environment to measure evolving gases

General Requirements

  • Provide sample description, expected materials, and any processing history (cleaning, bake, exposure)

  • For outgassing: indicate temperature limits, desired test conditions (room temp / elevated temp / bake profile)

  • Share safety information (SDS) and confirm no restricted hazardous gases unless pre-approved

  • For best comparisons: provide a control/reference (known-good component or baseline run)

Workflow

  • Requirement review (leak vs outgassing vs monitoring; target species; acceptance criteria)

  • Test planning (mass range, scan settings, time duration, temperature/bake steps if applicable)

  • Measurement execution (baseline → monitoring/trending → condition changes as required)

  • Data analysis (species assignment, trends, comparison across conditions)

  • Report delivery (plots + interpretation + recommended next actions)

FAQs

RGA can strongly indicate an air leak by observing characteristic signals (commonly N₂/O₂-related peaks and water) and their behavior during pump-down. It is often used together with standard leak-check methods for confirmation.

RGA provides mass-to-charge signals, and some gases share overlapping fragments (e.g., m/z 28 can represent N₂ and/or CO). We use peak patterns and context to interpret results, and we can recommend complementary tests when definitive identification is required.

RGA is typically qualitative or semi-quantitative. Absolute concentration reporting requires calibration and stable conditions; feasibility depends on your species and setup.

Outgassing often appears as elevated H₂O (m/z 18), CO/CO₂ (m/z 28/44), hydrocarbon fragments, and time-dependent decay or changes during temperature steps.

RGA measures gases directly in vacuum (real-time) and is excellent for troubleshooting and monitoring. GC/MS is typically used for separated gas mixtures and detailed compound identification, often requiring sampling and preparation.

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