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EBIC

What Is EBIC (Electron Beam Induced Current)?

EBIC (Electron Beam Induced Current) is an SEM/STEM-based electrical imaging technique that maps where an electron beam generates charge carriers (electron–hole pairs) and where those carriers are collected by internal electric fields (e.g., p–n junctions or Schottky junctions). The induced current is measured with an external circuit while the beam scans, creating an EBIC image that highlights junction locations, depletion regions, and electrically active defects.

What EBIC Is Used For

EBIC is commonly applied to semiconductor and photovoltaic investigations such as:

  • Defect localization: electrically active defects, recombination centers, leakage-related sites, junction anomalies

  • Junction visualization: locating p–n junctions / depletion regions in plan-view or cross-section

  • Process / lot comparisons (“what changed?”): good vs bad die/wafer comparisons to isolate the differentiator (project-dependent)

  • Carrier property studies (project-dependent): minority-carrier diffusion length and related collection behavior

  • Solar cell / PV characterization (project-dependent): collection efficiency and defect mapping in PV junctions

Why EBIC (vs. Standard SEM Imaging)?

Standard SEM signals (SE/BSE) primarily show topography and composition. EBIC adds an electrical contrast channel—so features like buried junctions or electrically active defects can appear even when topography looks normal. EBIC and SE imaging are often captured together for correlation.

Sample Types We Support

EBIC is typically used on (project-dependent):

  • Semiconductor devices: diodes, transistors, CMOS structures, power devices (as applicable)

  • Wafers / die / coupons: plan-view or cross-section samples prepared for ROI access

  • Photovoltaic devices: solar cells and related junction structures (project-dependent)

  • Failure analysis samples: good vs failed parts, suspected junction leakage sites, process-change lots (project-dependent)

Typical Workflows

Plan-View EBIC (Junction/Defect Mapping)

Best for: locating electrically active defects over an area

  • Scan defined regions; generate EBIC contrast maps

  • Correlate EBIC with SEM images to pinpoint ROI for follow-on analysis

Cross-Section EBIC (Layer/Interface & Junction Depth Context)

Best for: buried junction location, interface-related issues

  • Cross-section prep (mechanical or FIB, project-dependent)

  • EBIC imaging across the stack to visualize junction position and contrast behavior

EBIC-Guided Failure Analysis (Localization → Root Cause)

Best for: narrowing down where to cut/analyze next

  • Use EBIC to localize the electrical anomaly

  • Follow with FIB-SEM cross-section, TEM/STEM, EDS, or surface analysis as needed (project-dependent)

What You Receive

  • EBIC images/maps with scale bars and ROI markings

  • Correlated SEM imagery (when captured) for context

  • A clear interpretation summary: where the electrical activity/defect is, how it differs from the reference, and recommended next steps (project-dependent)

Sample Submission Guidelines

Please provide

  • Device type, stack/junction type (if known), and the question (leakage site? junction location? lot comparison?)

  • Any test history (fail mode, electrical symptoms, yield maps, coordinates)

  • Preferred analysis mode: plan-view vs cross-section (if known)

  • A reference/control sample whenever possible

Packaging tips

  • Protect sensitive surfaces (no rubbing/stacking; use gel-paks or clean holders)

  • Clearly label orientation and ROIs (photos are very helpful)

FAQs

EBIC imaging is generally low-impact, but it uses an electron beam and can require contact/wiring and sometimes sample prep (e.g., cross-sectioning) depending on the goal (project-dependent).

Often yes—EBIC is specifically valued for locating electrically active defects and junction-related anomalies that may be invisible in purely topographic imaging.

EBIC primarily highlights junction electric fields / carrier collection in semiconductors, while EBAC is commonly used to map current pathways in conductors/metallization (opens/shorts), often with probing (project-dependent).

Strongly recommended. A known-good control makes “what changed?” conclusions faster and much more defensible.

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